Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Cytotoxicity of Securidaca longepedunculata (polygalaceae) Root Bark Extract

R. A. Lawal; O. S. Odesanmi; M. D. Ozaslan; O. A. T. Ebuehi; I. D. Karagoz; I. H. Kilic; C. Uyar; I. A. Badmus

doi:10.53704/fujnas.v5i1.84

Authors

R. A. Lawal Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
O. S. Odesanmi Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
M. D. Ozaslan Department of Biology, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
O. A. T. Ebuehi Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
I. D. Karagoz Department of Biology, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
I. H. Kilic Department of Biology, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
C. Uyar Department of Biology, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
I. A. Badmus Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53704/fujnas.v5i1.84

Abstract

Securidaca longepedunculata is a savannah shrub found growing in tropical Africa. It is reputed to have more than a hundred medicinal uses and is a major component of anticancer decoctions in Nigeria. Despite its reported use as an anti-cancer plant, there is a dearth of information on the anti-cancer potential and mechanism of its anticancer activity. The present study is to identify the chemical constituents present in Securidaca longepedunculata by quantitative Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and determine the cytotoxic effect of the plant on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Secondary metabolites in the extract were predicted using GC-MS. In vitro cytotoxic activity was determined using the trypan blue dye exclusion assay by incubating Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells with various concentrations of S. longepedunculata aqueous extract. Analysis by GC-MS revealed the presence of the following compounds: bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (90.99%), 1-decanol (4.17%) and cyclododecane (1.86%), phenol, 2, 21-methylene bis (1.32%), cyclopenten-4-one, 3-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 5, 51-pentakis (trimethylsilyloxy)- (0.89%) and phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)(0.78%). Securidaca longepedunculata aqueous extract (SL) was cytotoxic to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vitro. The IC50 of SL on EAC cells was 67 μg/ml. The aqueous root-bark extract of S. longepedunculata contains bioactive agents and was cytotoxic to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vitro.

Keywords: phthalate, Ehrlich, carcinoma, medicinal, plants

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