Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences
MISSION STATEMENT Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences (FUJNAS) is the official publication of the College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria. The journal seeks to: serve scientists by publishing significant advances in the fields of natural and applied sciences; and ensure prompt and rapid dissemination of scientific information to the world for the purpose of scientific knowledge/education, lifestyle, culture and career development FUJNAS ORGANOGRAM
College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. Articles in FUJNAS are published on the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0).
Measurements of soil resistivity and moisture content in four selected locations within Iwo town for grounding installation
In Nigeria, Grounding Systems Installation (GSI) were carried out without prior knowledge of Soil Apparent Resistivity (SAR) and Soil Moisture Content (SMC) of a location, which strongly influence its effective functioning when fault current builds up in the electrical circuit. Therefore, these two factors were measured in four locations: P(Latitude: 7°37`46.074 and Longitude: 4°12`2.250), Q(Latitude: 7°37`14.886 and Longitude: 4°11`10.608), R(Latitude: 7°37`26.964 and Longitude: 4°11`6.552) and S(Latitude: 7°39`18.312 and Longitude: 4°10`57.552) in Iwo town, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria. To measure SAR values of each location, five different Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were conducted randomly using a Schlumberger arrangement. IPWin2 computer software was used to analyse the data. Soil Samples (SS) of each VES station were taken and analysed at the Civil Engineering Laboratory. VES results showed that P, Q, R and S had different lithologies, SAR, depths, and Lowest Soil Apparent Resistivity Values (LSARV) ranging from 1.47-51.98Ωm. 40.40-73.60Ωm, 27.00-67.40Ωm, and 18.40-88.00Ωm while their respective depths were 2.06-26.40m, 7.13-11.8m, 9.65-11.60m, and 6.23-8.20m. LSARV of each location were attributed to the presence of conductive and moisture-rich minerals, which made the fault current cause the breaker/fuse to cut off, thereby safeguarding electrical appliances, animals, and humans. SS results indicated that P, Q, R, and S, on average, had 33.38%, 38.40%, 27.06%, and 29.68% SMC, respectively, which agrees with VES results. R2 values of SAR and SMC indicated ranges from 0.2357 to 0.7064. Thus, correlations between SAR and SMC values were established. This research has revealed ranges of SAR, depth and SMC that electrical engineers need for GSI.
Grounding installation, resistivity, fault current, electrical facilities, Soil moisture content
Copyright (c) 2025 Mutiu Alani Fakunle, Mr. Ibrahim Isola Muraina, David Kehinde Adeleke, Muhydeen Akanni Ibraheem, Maruf Moronkola Popoola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Geochemical Studies of Heavy Metals in Stream Sediments around Oguro, Southwestern Nigeria
This research presents a geochemical assessment of heavy metals in stream sediments from Oguro, Southwestern Nigeria, aimed at evaluating contamination levels and identifying potential sources. Twelve sediment samples were collected and analyzed for Cr, V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, Zr, Mo, and Ti using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). A suite of geochemical indices—including the Geoaccumulation Index (I_geo), Contamination Factor (CF), Enrichment Factor (EF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI)—were employed alongside multivariate techniques. Results indicate that Cr, V, Ni, Th, and Zr are predominantly of lithogenic origin, whereas Cu, Zn, Pb, and Co show elevated spatial variability (CV > 96%) and enhanced I_geo (>12), CF (>3), and EF (>40), indicating strong anthropogenic inputs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ward-linkage hierarchical clustering identified two primary geochemical groupings: an anthropogenic cluster comprising transition and heavy metals, and a lithogenic–radiogenic assemblage. Despite low basin-wide PLI values (<0.5), metal concentrations at specific sites (e.g., L5 and L6) approach benchmark thresholds, highlighting areas of concern. The results provide a robust framework for environmental quality monitoring and inform management strategies for sediment quality in transitional agro-urban watersheds.
Heavy metals, Stream sediments, geochemical indices, Oguro, Pollution assessment
Copyright (c) 2025 Mustapha Taiwo Jimoh, Odunayo Jumoke: Oyebode, R. R> Owolabi, A. F. Ayandokun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methanolic leaf extract of Pericopsis laxiflora (benth. ex baker) meeuwen protects against cadmium-induced testicotoxicity in male sprague-dawley rats via antioxidant capabilities
Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth) Meeuwen is used in African folk medicine to mitigate numerous infections. This study evaluated the antioxidant, phytochemical and antimicrobial activities and protective potential of P. laxiflora methanol leaf extract against cadmium-induced testicotoxicity in male Sprague–Dawley rats. The methanol extract of P. laxiflora leaves (MLPL) obtained by cold maceration contained several phytochemicals, but no cardiac glycosides or terpenoids were found. It showed remarkable dose-dependent in vitro antioxidative activity. The extract had similar antibacterial effects as ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it was more effective against S. pneumoniae than the other bacterial strains. Similarly, it exhibited antifungal activities comparable to Griseofulvin against Candida albicans and Aspergillus spp. The extract corrected the damage occasioned by intoxication with CdCl2. It elevated testicular malonaldehyde like Quercetin. The increased NO and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities induced by treating Sprague–Dawley rats with CdCl2 were significantly reduced by the MLPL extract. The extract also attenuated the production of β-catenin and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein in the testiculocytes of the rats and restored severe perivascular inflammation in liver cells. Through several mechanisms, MLPL showed protective effects against testis injury induced by cadmium chloride in Sprague–Dawley rats.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulrasaq Oyedeji, Christian Ukonu, Semiu Lawal, Luqmon Azeez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bicyclic work done on a star-like finite chain semigroup
This paper compares the work of bicyclic products and idempotent product chains on the star-like operator to demonstrate potential connections between semigroup and group theory. This research advances our understanding of star-like transformation semigroups and their algebraic features, particularly in terms of bicyclic and idempotent products. The findings add to previous understanding by obtaining the arithmetic and polynomial sequential patterns. We show that the composition of any star-like transformations produces the bicyclic products work done such that, for all . The research contributes to the larger discipline of abstract algebra by introducing new results and approaches for examining algebraic structures.
Star-like, transformation, semigroup, bicyclic product
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Kamiludeen Rotimi Tijani, Dr. Sulaiman Awwal Akinwunmi, Dr. Risqot Garba Ibrahim, Dr. Naimat Gatta Bakare, Hussaini Saidu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green synthesis of graphene/zinc oxide nanocomposite for Optoelectronic Applications
This research presents a green synthesis of high-quality graphene (G), zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene/zinc oxide (G/ZnO) nanocomposites. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesised using Amarus Pinnantum extracts, while graphene was derived from Bryophyllum Pinnatum shoot plant extracts. The integration of graphene into the ZnO matrix was investigated to enhance its structural, optical, and electrical properties, particularly electron mobility. The synthesised materials were characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). UV-Vis spectra revealed characteristic absorption bands for graphene, ZnO, and G/ZnO. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups associated with each material, including 593 cm-1 (Zn-O bending vibrations), 1088 and 1459 cm-1 (C-H Alkyl group bending vibrations), 1583 cm-1 (C=C Aromatic stretching vibration), and 3467 and 3777 cm-1 (O-H Hydroxyl group stretching vibration) in the G/ZnO nanocomposites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed spherical zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, a rough, flake-like graphene structure, and a porous, aggregated morphology for the G/ZnO nanocomposite. EDS analysis verified the elemental composition of the materials. The electrical properties of the G/ZnO nanocomposite were significantly improved compared to pure graphene and ZnO nanoparticles. The composite exhibited a higher current (4.62 μA) and lower resistivity (405.56 Ω·m) at a specific voltage (0.60 V). This enhancement is attributed to the formation of a percolative network within the composite, which facilitates efficient charge transfer and improves electron mobility. These findings suggest that the G/ZnO nanocomposite holds promise for applications in optoelectronic devices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adedokun Oluwaseun, Gbadero Damilare Sunday, Adedokun Kehinde Asamu, Ojo Adekunle Oluwafemi , Oyewole Olayinka Joshua, Adegboyega Oludele, Adenigba Victoria Olaide , Awodele Mojoyinola Kofoworola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Screening for Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Abattoir Soil
Biosurfactants possess essential properties that make them highly indispensable in many industries, such as waste management, food, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals, due to their surface-active and wetting abilities. The search for microorganisms capable of producing this extensively utilized biomolecule is increasing daily. In this study, abattoir soil collected from Awka metropolis, Anambra State, was screened for biosurfactant-producing bacteria using mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with engine oil. Three bacterial isolates (NJ1, NJ2, and NJ3) were obtained from MSM agar. These isolates were subjected to four biosurfactant screening assays: haemolysis test, drop collapse test, oil spreading test, and emulsification index (E24). The results indicated that all three isolates showed alpha-haemolytic activity, and drop collapse positive reactions. Notably, NJ3 exhibited complete collapse reaction (+++) in the drop collapse test. Additionally, in the oil spreading test, NJ3 demonstrated the highest displacement of engine oil (10 mm), followed by NJ2 (7 mm) and NJ1 (5 mm). The determination of E24 using kerosene for all isolates revealed that NJ1 exhibited the highest E24 at 13%, while NJ2 and NJ3 had E24 of 2.56% and 2.50%, respectively. Morphological characterization, Gram’s staining, and biochemical analyses performed on the isolates, identified NJ1 and NJ3 as members of Streptomyces spp., while NJ2 was identified as Bacillus sp. These findings suggest that abattoir soil could be a potential source of biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Biosurfactants possess essential properties that make them highly indispensable in many industries, such as waste management, food, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals, due to their surface-active and wetting abilities. The search for microorganisms capable of producing this extensively utilised biomolecule is increasing daily. In this study, abattoir soil collected from Awka metropolis, Anambra State, was screened for biosurfactant-producing bacteria using mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with engine oil. Three bacterial isolates (NJ1, NJ2, and NJ3) were obtained from MSM agar. These isolates were subjected to four biosurfactant screening assays: haemolysis test, drop collapse test, oil spreading test, and emulsification index (E24). The results indicated that all three isolates showed alpha-haemolytic activity and drop collapse positive reactions. Notably, NJ3 exhibited a complete collapse reaction (+++) in the drop collapse test. Additionally, in the oil spreading test, NJ3 demonstrated the highest displacement of engine oil (10 mm), followed by NJ2 (7 mm) and NJ1 (5 mm). The determination of E24 using kerosene for all isolates revealed that NJ1 exhibited the highest E24 at 13%, while NJ2 and NJ3 had E24 of 2.56% and 2.50%, respectively. Morphological characterisation, Gram staining, and biochemical analyses performed on the isolates identified NJ1 and NJ3 as members of Streptomyces spp., while NJ2 was identified as Bacillus sp. These findings suggest that abattoir soil could be a potential source of biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Keywords: Biosurfactant, Abattoir, Oil Spreading, Screening, Streptomyces spp
Biosurfactant, Abattoir, Oil Spreading, Screening, Streptomyces spp
Copyright (c) 2024 Ray Niofunimbi Izomor, Miriam Adaku Okpara, Anulika Goodness Chukwujekwu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk Evaluation Associated with Abelmuscus Esculentus Consumption Grown on Decommissioned Goldmine Sediment and Water
The presence of toxic elements in mining areas has always been a concern for public health worldwide. Previously conducted studies have mainly focused on separate soil or water contamination as routes to potentially toxic elements, conceivably underestimating residents' risks. This study examined the health risks associated with the consumption of Abelmuscus esculentus planted in different sediment compositions; control soil + control water (CSCW), control soil + goldmine water (CSGW), goldmine sediment + control water (GSCW) and goldmine sediment + goldmine water (GSGW). As, Ni, Cr and Cd concentrations in goldmine water were found to be higher than allowable limits. After 21 days, A. esculentus seedlings planted on different soil/sediment compositions were harvested for the determination of elements using an inductively coupled plasma-optical electron spectrometer (ICP-OES). Estimated dietary intakes of minerals and toxic metals were lower than recommended limits. The non-carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals are minimal, but A. esculentus in GSGW had 131.67 % greater risks of being hazardous. Carcinogenic risks indicate that A. esculentus grown in all soil/sediment compositions had the potential to cause cancer, with GSGW having approximately 63 % higher risks. Farming practices employing goldmine sediment and water present foreseeable hazards to health when not controlled going by findings in this study. Keywords: Abelmuscus esculentus, Carcinogenic risk; Estimated dietary intake; Gold mining; Hazard ndex
Abelmuscus esculentus, Carcinogenic risk; Estimated dietary intake; Gold mining; Hazard index
Copyright (c) 2024 A. L. Adejumo, R. O. Adetoro, A. A. Oladejo, T. O Kolawole, A. O Oyedeji, E. A Adeleke, A. M Oke, O.S. Awolola, O. E. Ishola, Luqman A Azeez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potential Consequences of Water-Soluble Acetaminophen-Chromium Combination in Clarias Gariepinus: Bioaccumulation and Oxidative Perturbations of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
In this study, emerging-recalcitrant water contaminants were examined to determine their impact on water quality and oxidative disruption of antioxidant markers in Clarias gariepinus (African catfish). Fifty C. gariepinus were randomly exposed to fresh water, 250 mg/L acetaminophen (ACT), 0.525 mg/L chromium (Cr) and a mixture of ACT+Cr – dosed water for 21 days. As compared to the control, dosed water did not significantly (p ˃ 0.05) affect dissolved oxygen (DO), but biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) significantly increased in ACT, ACT+Cr, and Cr-dosed water. Levels of ACT in C. gariepinus exposed to different concentrations followed by kidney ˃ gill ˃ liver ˃ heart. Likewise, higher Cr presence was found in C. gariepinus gills exposed to 0.350 mg/L Cr. Accordingly, kidneys and gills were the worst affected organs by ACT and Cr accumulation. All the targeted organs of C. gariepinus exposed to different concentrations of ACT+Cr showed a concentration-dependent reduction in catalase (CAT) activity, indicating the synergistic effects of ACT and heavy metals. Based on these results, ACT and Cr adversely affect the kidneys and gills of C. gariepinus, compromising their physiological activity. As a result, pharmaceutical wastes and heavy metal effluents released into the aquatic environment indiscriminately need to be monitored. Keywords Acetaminophen, Bioaccumulation, Clarias gariepinus, Chromium, Enzymatic antioxidant
Acetaminophen, Bioaccumulation, Clarias gariepinus, Chromium, Enzymatic antioxidant
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayoade L. Adejumo, Saheed O. Basiru, Adebayo E. Adeleke, Rasheed O. Adetoro, Harun K. Aremu, Stephen O. Owolabi, Luqman A Azeez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Synergistic Ameliorative Capabilities of Quercetin and Ascorbic Acid on Hepatic and Pro-Inflammatory Markers of Arsenic-Induced Toxicity in Obese Wistar Rats
Obesity and arsenic exposure have been linked to many health issues. However, arsenic poisoning severity and susceptibility may depend on Body Mass Index (BMI), oxidative state, food supplements, and other factors. This study examines how quercetin and ascorbic acid can improve arsenic-induced health dysfunctions in normal and high BMI male Wistar rats. A total of 70 male Wistar rats weighing between 135 - 220 g were divided into 10 groups. A: Control group; B: sodium arsenite group; C: quercetin + sodium arsenite group; D: ascorbic acid + sodium arsenite group; E: sodium arsenite + quercetin + ascorbic acid; F: obese group; G: obese + sodium arsenite group; H: obese + sodium arsenite + quercetin group; I: obese + sodium arsenite + ascorbic acid group; J: obese + sodium arsenite + quercetin + ascorbic acid group, all treatments were administered orally daily for twenty-eight (28) days. The doses administered were 595 mg/kg body weight of ascorbic acid (10 % LD50), 50 mg/kg body weight of quercetin (5 % LD50), and 0.75 mg/kg body weight of sodium arsenite (5 % LD50). Concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL 6), TNF-alpha (TNF-α), COX-2, nitric oxide (NO), total bilirubin (TBL) and activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined in plasma. Upon the completion of the experiment, serum IL-1β, IL 6, TNF-α, COX-2, NO, TBL concentrations and ALP, AST, ALT, and GGT activities increased significantly (p<0.05) across the groups and treatment with quercetin and ascorbic acid ameliorated the pathological alteration elicited or caused by sodium arsenite. The findings showed that arsenic exposure altered pro-inflammatory and hepatic function indices in high BMI rats, while treatment with quercetin and ascorbic acid exhibited an ameliorative effect against this obesity and arsenic-induced health dysfunctions. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Dysfunctions, Sodium arsenite, Inflammation
Copyright (c) 2024 Adeola Busayo Adenmosun, Omowumi Oyeronke Adewale, Tope G. Atere, Olu Israel Oyewole https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Improved Performance in Monolithic Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
This research investigated the impact of incorporating green synthesised copper oxide nanoparticles into nanoporous carbon counter electrodes to enhance photovoltaic performance in Monolithic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (MDSSCs). Copper oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesised using an extract from Ocimum gratissimum leaves. Optical absorption between 250 nm and 400 nm confirmed the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. XRD patterns indicated the crystalline nature of the copper oxide nanoparticles, with an average crystallite size of 47.9 nm. FTIR analyses identified chemical bonds potentially responsible for nanoparticle formation. MDSSC performance evaluation demonstrated a significant 3.5% increase in efficiency over the cells without nanoparticles; this translates to a 105.9% increase in efficiency observed for cells with the nanoparticles. The incorporation of green-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles into the counter electrode of MDSSCs exhibited an eco-benign and even dispersion, suggesting its potential as a promising nanomaterial for DSSC applications. Keywords: Green Synthesis; Nanoparticles; Copper Oxide; Counter Electrode; Monolithic Dye -Sensitised Solar Cell
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayodele Abiodun, Dr. G. A. Alamu, O.O Daramola, Dr. O. Adedokun, Prof. Y. K. Sanusi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Distribution of Rubber Leaf Fall Disease in the Swamp Lands of Barito Kuala District
Swamp land is a rubber development area in South Kalimantan and rubber plants are a leading commodity in South Kalimantan, second after palm oil plants. Starting in 2019, the rubber industry in Indonesia experienced an outbreak of leaf fall disease. This disease causes a decrease in latex production of up to 50%, even in advanced conditions, infected plants will rot and die without treatment. This research aims to study the distribution of rubber leaf fall disease in the swamplands of Barito Kuala district. A disease incidence and severity survey was carried out using a stratified random sampling method. It was observed that eight sub-districts in Barito Kuala district and Banjar district had swamp land that planted rubber. At four locations/villages in each sub-district, sample plants were taken, and it was determined that there were 25 plants diagonally. Disease incidence and severity parameters followed the International Rubber Research Development Board. The research revealed that rubber leaf fall disease has spread in four rubber-plantation sub-districts. All sub-districts surveyed were 100% affected by rubber leaf fall disease. The rubber leaf fall disease attack in the studied is quite severe with an average disease severity of 67%. Keywords: Distribution, Leaf fall disease, Rubber, Swamp land
Copyright (c) 2024 Mariana Mariana, Muhammad Indar Pramudi Pramudi, Muhammad Rifai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Molecular Characterization and Distribution of Malaria Vectors in three Agrarian Communities of Kano State, North West Nigeria
Malaria vector abundance has been linked to certain agricultural practices. This work examined the impact of the agricultural practice of irrigation on the composition and seasonal distribution of malaria vectors in agrarian communities of Kano state. Longitudinal data collection was done four times a year, corresponding to different transmission seasons from early rains to late rainy season, early dry season to late dry season. Indoor-biting adult mosquitoes were collected using standard pyrethrum spray collection (PSC) techniques. Female Anopheles mosquitoes collected from houses were morphologically identified to species level. Molecular characterisation of the members of the Anopheles gambiae complex was carried out using PCR technique. Two thousand four hundred fifty-two (2452) adult female Anopheles species were collected throughout the study period. The Large Irrigation (LIC) and Urban Irrigation Communities (UIC) had a higher mean abundance of female Anopheles mosquitoes across seasons. There was a significant difference in the mean adult mosquito catch across the season (F =113.49, p≤0.001) and across the three communities (F = 44.73; p ≤0.001). Anopheles gambiae sl. was the most encountered among the four species, with a mean abundance of 11.94±11.76, 5.39±7.45 and 2.58 ±3.41 for LIC, UIC and NIC, respectively. Molecular characterisation of An. gambiae s.l. by PCR showed the presence of three sibling species, An. coluzzi, An. gambiae ss and An. arabiensis. An. Coluzzi was significantly more abundant across the three communities during the wet and dry seasons. The predominance of this species has implications for malaria control. This study shows that irrigation is likely to influence mosquito breeding, thus exposing community members to a higher risk of being bitten by infected vectors. A review of the ecology of Anopheles species, especially in urban environments, is needed, considering the current abundance of malaria vectors in the urban community. Keywords: Seasonal, Abundance, Composition, Anopheles species, Irrigation, Urban
Copyright (c) 2024 Florence Darda, Maryam Eluma, Tolulope Oyeniyi, Samson Awolola, Georgina Mwansat , Nannim Nanvyat, Jael Asabe Yohanna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Malumfashi Local Government Area, Northwestern Nigeria
People in Malumfashi Local Government Area Katsina State, Nigeria have been using medicinal plants to cure various ailments since time immemorial. However, the medicinal uses of such plants were never documented. Herein, we conducted an ethnobotanical survey to document medicinal plants as well as the ethnobotanical knowledge of Malumfashi Local Government, Katsina State, Nigeria. We employed a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 50 respondents comprising of herbalists, traditional midwives, housewives and farmers. Medicinal plants belonging to 37 genera distributed among 29 families were documented. The majority of the mentioned medicinal plants belong to the family Fabaceae (9), Asteraceae Combretaceae and Moraceae (4), Malvaceae (3), Myrtaceae and Anacardiaceae (2) families. Securidaca longipedunculata, Azadirachta indica, and Mangifera indica were the medicinal plants with the highest relative frequency of citation with 0.44. 0.38, and 0.34, respectively. For fidelity level (FL), Spinacia oleracea and Diospyros mespiliformis were the species with the highest, 100% each. Among the 10 categories of ailments, Urogenital, Fever, and Antinode had the highest Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) of 0.78,0.76 and 0.75, respectively. Most of the reported plants (84%) were trees and shrubs and about 70% of the surveyed plants were wild. The most frequent plant parts used were leaves and bark. The majority of the medications (70%) were prepared as decoctions and were mostly administered orally (86%). We recommend screening of bioactive compounds present in the reported plant species as well as their biological activities on the pathogens that cause the diseases. Additionally, the cultivation of medicinal plants to minimize the pressure on wild species is also recommended. Keywords: Ailments, Ethnobotanical survey, Malumfashi Local Government, Medicinal plants
Ailments, Ethnobotanical survey, Malumfashi Local Government, Medicinal plants
Copyright (c) 2024 M. S. Gidado, S. S. Yaradua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Molecular Validation of Cichlids from Zobe Reservoir, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria Using Cytochrome Oxidase (COI) Genes
The species of cichlids are easily misidentified due to their morphological similarities. This study, therefore, was designed to discriminate the cichlid species inhabiting Zobe reservoir using a molecular approach. Samples of different cichlid species were collected from the reservoir between August and November 2022 and identified using their morphological features following the field guide to Nigerian freshwater fish. Fin clips of two samples from each of the species were fixed in 100% ethanol and the DNA was extracted. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (CO1) gene area was amplified (using the FishF1 and FishR1 primer pair), purified and sequenced to reveal the identity of the species. Morphologically, the result revealed the presence of four species, namely: Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, and Coptodon zilli. The genetic identity of the samples agreed with the earlier attempt made at morphological discrimination except for O. mossambicus which matches the partial and complete genome of Oreochromis aureus, hence, solving misidentification. The phylogenetic tree of the CO1 genes constructed using MEGA 11 software reveals the species were grouped independently into the three different genera of the Cichlidae family (i.e., the Coptodon, Oreochromis and Sarotherodon). This study affirms the need for molecular confirmation of morphologically identified cichlids in Nigeria. Keywords: Cichlids, DNA Barcoding, Identification, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction
Cichlids, DNA Barcoding, Identification, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction
Copyright (c) 2024 H. A. Salele, A. B. Dauda, Prof. A. H. Bichi, Prof. O. A. Sogbesan, V. T. Okomoda , I. B. Machina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Predictors of Risky Sexual Practice among Undergraduates Using Social Media in Osun State University, Osogbo
Social media has become part of students' lives with most undergraduates spending at least more than an hour on social media with various kinds of misuse including accessing adult materials. This study sought to determine the predictive powers of students' socio-demographic characteristics on involvement in risky sexual practices when using social media. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey including 400 undergraduates selected from the Departments of English Language and Education & History in the Ikire Campus; Community Medicine and Physiology in the Osogbo campus; and Animal Science and Agricultural Economics in the Ejigbo Campus through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of five sections with both univariate and bivariate analyses conducted using the SPSS software version 20.0. The mean age of the respondents was 16.4±3.7years, 65.2% were female, 26.5% were 100L students, 95.5% were single, 93.5% belonged to the Yoruba ethnic group, and 67.0% were Christians. Similarly, 97.2% of the respondents had access to social media, and 87.8% accessed social media frequently. Facebook (82.5%), WhatsApp (79.9%), and Twitter (73.3%) were the most used social media platforms. The majority (60%) were exposed to sexual risks, and 59% had a poor attitude towards risky sexual behaviour. Online dating without prior knowledge of the partner (58.8%) and viewing porn (37.3%) were the major risky sexual practices among the students. While the socio-demographic variables were associated with sexual practice, attitude, and sexual exposure since using social media, only age and gender were significantly associated with sexual practice and attitude respectively at P<0.05. With the consequences of unhindered access to social media among undergraduates especially on sexuality, the study therefore recommends a health education intervention to include a comprehensive sexual health education to all stakeholders in the parenting journey to produce morally upright youths in the society. Keywords: Social Media, Risky Sexual Practices, Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Undergraduate students
social media, Risky Sexual Practices, Socio-demographic characteristics, undergraduate students
Copyright (c) 2024 A. K. Adegbore, A. M. Adegbore, R. J. Akinbiyi, J. I. Adegoke, M. A. Lawal, A. T. Olabode, I. B. Yusuf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 Exposure on Performance and Haematological Stress Indicators in Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Aflatoxin-B1 is a ubiquitous mycotoxin usually accumulated in food and feeds, thereby posing a critical health risk to humans and animals. This study was carried out to determine its effects on performance characteristics and haematoogy indicators of stress in male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups (n=10 per group) including an unexposed group that served as control and other groups which were orally exposed to 150 µg of aflatoxin-B1 per kg body weight on a varied basis for 28 days. The records of food intake and body weight changes were obtained while blood was collected at the end of the study for downstream analyses. There was a significant difference observed in food intake, body weight, kidney weight, liver weight, lung weight, and testes weight of the rats (p<0.05). There was a significant difference observed in the heterophil-lymphocytes ratio and bilirubin concentration as haematology biomarkers of stress in the rats (p<0.001). The study concluded that aflatoxin-B1 exposure in rats is capable of inducing stress-related performance dysfunction such as reduced food intake and body weight loss, while haematoogy biomarkers of stress heterophil-lymphocyte ratio and bilirubin concentrations could be used as potential biomarkers suitable for measuring these performance dysfunctions. There is a need for further studies to establish the possible use of heterophil-lymphocyte ratio and bilirubin as measures of performance compromise in response to aflatoxin-B1 exposure in rats. Keywords: Aflatoxin-B1, Stress, Heterophil-lymphocyte ratio, Bilirubin concentration
Copyright (c) 2024 A. B. Sikiru, S. S. A Egena, I. C. Alemede, J. O. Alabi, J. O. Makinde, H. Bebera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of Sowing Depths on Nutritional Metabolites of Three Cucurbitaceae Species
Variations in soil nutrients can influence the nutritional attributes of crops. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying sowing depths (2-8 cm) at 2 cm intervals on the nutritional contents of Luffa cylindrica (LC), Citrullus lanatus (CL) and Citrullus colocynthis (CC) fruits. Proximate, mineral and vitamin contents of seeds and pulps of fruits of the plants were determined. Protein (31.10±0.17 %), crude fibre (4.48±0.02 %), fat (47.13±0.27 %), ash (2.50±0.01 %) and carbohydrate (99.66±0.03 %) were higher (p<0.05) in seeds produced by CC sown at 6 cm compared with other sowing depths. Sodium (23.17±0.02 mg/100 g), potassium (370.47±0.34 mg/100 g), calcium (18.61±0.01 mg/100 g) and copper (0.25±0.01 mg/100 g) were higher in the pulp produced by seeds of LC sown at 6 cm. Similar significant increases were observed in phosphorus (13.28±0.11 mg/100 g), iron( 8.12±0.01 mg/100 g), zinc(8.60±0.06 mg/100 g), and magnesium (2.28±0.01 mg/100 g) in seeds produced by LC seeds sown at 6 cm. Vitamin A (0.58±0.01 mg/100 g) and Vitamin K(0.19±0.15 mg/100 g) were also higher in seeds produced by CL seeds sown at 2 cm, Vitamin C (7.76±0.05 mg/100 g) and vitamin E(0.17±0.00 mg/100 g)in the pulp of CL seeds sown at 4 cm while Vitamin D (1.40±1.33 mg/100 g) was higher in the pulp produced by CC fruits whose seeds were sown at 6 cm. In conclusion, seeds of CC sown at 6 cm contained higher proximate and mineral compositions and vitamins in pulp than CL and LC. Therefore, cultivation of the plants at 4-6 cm is recommended to ensure a higher nutritional content of the plants. Keywords: Luffa cylindrica, Citrullus lanatus, Citrullus colocynthis, proximate, vitamin
Copyright (c) 2023 Janet Opeyemi Ajayi, A. W. Ojewumi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phylogenetic position of Nigerian species of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) in the Current Infrageneric Classification
Curcuma longa L. (commonly known as Tumeric) is the only species of the genus Curcuma found in Nigeria. It is of great economic importance to Nigeria, Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world, where it is widely used for ornamental and medicinal purposes, and as spices in food and beverages. However, the phylogenetic placement of the turmeric plant (C. longa) in Nigeria is far from being fully resolved, hence the need for this study. The rhizomes of turmeric were collected at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo state. Genomic DNA was extracted, followed by the amplification of the ITS and psbA-trnH regions. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum likelihood method. The result resolved the phylogenetic position of Nigerian species and supported existing subgenera classification into three clades, all with high bootstrap support for the three clades. The result of this study supports the subgenera classification of the genus and further reveals the phylogenetic position of C. longa. Keywords: Curcuma longa, ITS, psbA-trnH, Sanger Sequencing, Zingiberaceae
Copyright (c) 2024 Bashir Bolaji Tiamiyu, Azeez Adebola Lateef, Abdulquadri Sagaya, Khadijah Abdulhamid Abdulkareem, Bolaji Umar Olayinka, AbdulAziz Ayinla, Sherif Babatunde Adeyemi, Sarah Getachew Amenu, Professor A.A. AbdulRahaman, Professor O.T. Mustapha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Navigating the Challenges of Integrating African Herbal Medicines: A Path to Universal Acceptance
Herbal medicine, deeply rooted in indigenous knowledge, presents a longstanding approach to global healthcare, particularly in Africa. This review comprehensively explores the holistic nature of Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM), with specific emphasis on the significance of herbal medicine. Despite its long-standing use and efficacy, herbal medicine faces challenges in universal acceptance and integration into mainstream healthcare systems. Factors influencing acceptance, from inadequate standardisation to societal stigma, are examined comprehensively. Understanding the motivations behind herbal medicine usage, including prevention, curiosity, and natural beliefs, is crucial for shaping future healthcare policies and comprehending public attitudes. Global initiatives, exemplified by the WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine, and national endeavours in countries like Nigeria and Ghana, underscore collaborative approaches. The review concludes by emphasizing the necessity of addressing divergent stakeholder perspectives for effective integration. Proposed strategies involve collaborative research, international endorsements, adverse-event reporting systems, governmental support, inventorying, botanical gardens, testing laboratories, standardised dosage norms, and education initiatives. These measures aim to seamlessly integrate traditional medicine into mainstream healthcare, promote evidence-based practices, and enhance regulations—crucial steps toward fostering acceptance. Addressing challenges and fostering acceptance is imperative for ensuring the safe and effective utilisation of traditional medicines, thereby enhancing healthcare outcomes and overall well-being globally. Keywords: Herbal Remedies, Integrative Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Complementary Therapies
Copyright (c) 2024 A. K. Salau, Shehu M. S., M. T. Bakare-Odunola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Radiation Mapping of Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria, Measuring The Status of Radioactivity
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster happened in Japan long ago in 2011, and it resulted in the emission of radioactive substances into the atmosphere. These substances were transported by air currents and were detected in several parts of the world, including Nigeria. In the aftermath of the event, it has become necessary to determine the spatial distribution of radioactivity within Osun state. This present study aims to investigate and identify areas of high gamma radiation in Osun State. This study utilised a Garmin GPS and a Geiger Muller counter radiation detector over the entire state. This study presents a radiation map of Osun state. It shows that the region has an elevation range of 190 m to 600 m, and the elevation chart shows that in comparison to the extreme south of the research region, the extreme north is distinguished by high heights. The average ionising radiation within the state ranges from 0.08 to 0.3l µSv/hr. Places including Ila, Boluwaduro and Obokun recorded the highest elevation, which in turn also had the highest dose of gamma radiation, while Ife North, Ife South, Isokan, and Irewole axis recorded their lowest figures of elevation and also had low doses of gamma radiation. The average annual effective dose rate was 0.33 mSvy-1 which is greater than 0.07 mSvy-1 for outdoor exposure. Therefore, it is important to take appropriate safety measures by wearing protection shields to avoid or minimise exposure to high levels of gamma radiation. Keywords: Fukushima Daiichi, Gamma Radiation, Geiger Muller Counter, Radiation Map, Annual Effective Dose
Fukushima Daiichi, Gamma Radiation, Geiger Muller Counter, Radiation Map, Annual Effective Dose
Copyright (c) 2023 Warith Adewale Adebisi, Ifedayo Olukemi Adeojo, Taiwo Temitope Adeojo, Olumuyiwa Femi Adewumi , Khadijat Kuburat Babalola , Surajudeen Otolowo Azeez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identifying customer churn in Telecom sector: A Machine Learning Approach
Nowadays, there is no shortage of options for customers when choosing where to put their money. As a result, customer churn and engagement have become one of the top issues. With the increase in the number of service providers for the same targeted population, there is a need for service providers to try to find the changing customer behaviour and their rising expectations to retain them. Various studies have proposed customer churn. Data mining was routinely used to predict telecom customer attrition. Most researchers have compared and proposed different approaches for the prediction of customer churn, though some of the Machine learning (ML) algorithms used were unable to provide the performance needed to identify customer churn. Therefore, this paper presents a comparative analysis of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT) and Random Forest (RF) in the Telecommunications Dataset. To prepare the dataset for machine learning algorithms, chi-square was used for feature selection to select the most informative features from the original dataset. We validate our model using a ten-fold cross-validation approach to test the performance of our models. RF model performed better than other models in terms of accuracy (94%), precision (94%) and F-measure (94%), respectively. Additionally, we compared our results with existing models that used the same dataset; the proposed strategy outperformed them. Keywords: Customer Churn, Telecommunication, Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF)
Customer Churn, Telcomminication, Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF)
Copyright (c) 2024 Moshood Abiola Hambali, Emmanuel Lawrence, Yinusa Olasupo, Andrew Ishaku Wreford https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Extension of Short Rate Model Under a Lévy Process
A lot of abnormalities occur in real-life scenarios, thus leading to some difficulties in modelling such scenarios without a deeper understanding of certain aspects of Lévy processes. In this paper, the short rate model of Hull-White (1990) is extended to a model for capturing possibilities of jumps in real-life situations using a class of Lévy processes called a variance gamma process. Mathematics Subject Classification (2020). 91G30, 62P05 Keywords: Lévy processes, Brownian motion, Hull-White model, Variance gamma process
Lévy processes, Brownian motion, Hull-White model, Variance gamma process
Copyright (c) 2023 Dr A. M. Udoye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus fermentii and Lactococcus lactis against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Probiotics and their derivatives are becoming increasingly popular in the fight against pathogenic biofilms. This research work explores the use of probiotic bacteria and their potential as antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and the infections they cause. P. aeruginosa strains were grown on LB (Lysogeny Broth) for 24 hours and characterized using biochemical tests. The biofilm-forming strains were quantified using polystyrene microtiter-plates in a spectrophotometric assay supplemented with M63 minimal media. LAB (Lactobacillus fermentii and Lactococcus lactis) were isolated from fermented maize paste (ogi), Cheese (Waara), Fura and fermented milk (Nunu) on Skim milk agar and were characterized based on colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical tests. From the isolates, two strains of LAB were selected as probiotics. They were tested for their inhibitory potential against biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa using liquid co-culture assay. The Lactic acid content and Hydrogen Peroxide was estimated by titration for three days. Lactococcus lactis had more stable lactic acid production than Lactobacillus fermentii (2.70 g/L) although both peaked on Day 2 with Lactococcus lactis producing slightly more lactic acid (2.72 g/L). With liquid co-culture assay, there was a 63% decrease observed in the optical density of biofilms. Keywords: Probiotics, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Biofilm, Lactic acid, Lactobacillus fermentii, Lactococcus lactis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Probiotics, Lactic acid bacteria, Lactic acid, Lactobacillus fermentii, Lactococcus lactis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Copyright (c) 2023 Aminat Fajingbesi, M. M Sheikh-Lemu, M. O Tella, O. T. Ganiyu, S. Y. Biyaosi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Study on Nutritive Composition of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) and Black Plum (Syzygium cumini) Seed Flours
This study investigated the chemical, minerals and nutritional composition of Pawpaw (C. Papaya) and black plum (S. Cumini) seed flours. The proximate composition was evaluated according to AOA C. The C. Papaya and S. Cumini seed flours were found to have moisture contents of 7.333±1.155, 6.666±2.309, Ash, 5.593±0.095, 5.717±0.126 Protein, 24.600±0.100, 22.36±0.493, Fat, 30.000±2.600, 26.233±0.451, Crude fibre 0.312±0.002, 0.031±0.001 and carbohydrates 32.590±1.155, 39.167±1.40%. Carbohydrates were the major nutrients found in C.Papaya 32.590±1.155% and S.Cumini seed 39.167±1.40. The minor components were crude fibre for both flours. The mineral composition was K, 0.022±0.001, 0.090±0.010, Ca, 0.046±0.006, 0.089±0.011, Zn, 0.078±0.002, 1.198±0.005, Fe, 0.435±0.325, 0.090±0.010, P, 0.116±0001, 0.067±0.007, 0.787±0.001, Mg, 2.322±0.077, 0.093±0.005 and Cu, 0.127±0.0255, 0.076±0.010 for C. Papaya and S. Cumini seed. C. Papaya seed contained a higher amount of Fe, P, Mg and Cu than S. Cumini seed .S. cumin seed flour was found to have a considerable amount of K, Zn and Ca than C, Papaya seed. The Amino acid profile for C.Papaya and S.Cumini were: Threonine, 1.134±0.002, 0.138±0.002, Histidine, 0.157±0.002, 0.257±0.002, Leucine, 0.416±0.002, 0.476±0.002, Isoleucine, 0.541±0.001, 0.641±0.001, Arginine, 0.887±0.001, 0.787±0.001, Methionine, 862±0.001, 0.181±0.001, Tryptophan, 0.013±0.001, 0.313±0.001, Tyrosine, 0.013±0.001, 1.113±0.001 and Aspartic acid, 0.731±0.002, 0.422±0.002 etc. Methionine was the most abundant acid in C. Papaya, while tyrosine was found in S. cumin seed. The least abundant acids were tryptophan and threonine for C. Papaya and S. Cumini seed. This suggested that the flour might serve as a rich source of essential protein. The flours possessed good functional properties and could serve as additives in baby food. Keywords: proximate composition, amino acid, vitamins content, minerals, functional properties
Syzygium cumini, Carica papaya proximate composition,amino acid profile, vitamins content, functional properties
Copyright (c) 2023 Adebayo E. Adeleke, Abel P. Onifade, Omotola E. Ishola, I. M. Olanipekun, Deborah F. Bamisaye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biostratigraphical investigation of middle-early Miocene sediments from a section of AK-1 well, onshore Niger Delta: Insights from calcareous nanofossils
Biostratigraphic analysis was carried out on KA-1 well, onshore Niger Delta Basin of Nigeria. A total of forty (40) ditch cutting samples were collected from the studied section at 30 feet depth intervals with the studied section ranging from 7590-4800feet. The objectives of this study are to determine the age and biozonation of the studied section. Using simple smear slide method, the samples were processed and analyzed for nannofossils using a reflected binocular microscope. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages from the well are of low diversity and abundance. Some depths yielded almost monospecific assemblages while some have no records of calcareous nannofossils. Species include Helicospharea ampliaperta, Sphenolithus heteromorphus, Cyclicargolithus floridanus, Helicospharea scissura and Discoaster deflander. These belong to the NN4 zone of middle to early Miocene age. Keywords: Biozonation, Calcareous nannofossils, Helicospharea ampliaperta, Oligotrophic, Niger Delta.
Biozonation, Helicospharea ampliaperta, Calcareous nannofossils, Oligotrophic, Niger Delta.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kabirat Adebiyi, Olugbenga Fajemila, Moshood Olayiwola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis and simulation of HIV/AIDS transmission dynamics and control strategies
Abstract HIV/AIDS is a fatal illness that weakens the immune system of the body, making the victim susceptible to several opportunistic infections. The analysis and numerical simulation of the proposed epidemic model of HIV/AIDS with vertical transmission was carried out. The disease free and endemic equilibrium of the model were obtained and the basic reproduction number was established. Numerical simulations using the homotropy perturbation method was employed to demonstrate the efficacy of the key findings. The results of the simulation were graphically presented and interpreted. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, disease free equilibrium, endemic equilibrium, Laplace Adomian decomposition
HIV/AIDS, disease free equilibrium, endemic equilibrium, Laplace Adomian decomposition.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kehinde Bashiru, Ojo O Aduroja, Mutiu L Olaosebikan, Asimiyu O Oladapo, Abiodun F Olatunji, Aasim A Dhikrullah, Mutairu K Kolawole https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On the action of a fuzzy group on a fuzzy set
In this paper, we develop fundamental concepts required to extend the concept of group action on a set to fuzzy domain. We define product of a fuzzy set and a fuzzy group by using the idea of cartesian products of sets. We construct examples to demonstrate the defined concepts. We also discuss properties of the defined product of a fuzzy set and a fuzzy group as requisite to study of fuzzy group actions on fuzzy sets. Mathematics Subject Classification (2020). 08A99, 08C05, 22F05
fuzzy group, fuzzy set, product of fuzzy set, group action
Copyright (c) 2023 Lukman Shina Akinola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Zakat Collection and Distribution System in Ibadan Metropolis Using WordPress Core Architecture and Architectonics
Zakat and Sadaqah are primary forms of charity in Islam meant to help the poor and needy. However, the collection and distribution of these forms of charity can be beset by challenges. The challenges include inadequate infrastructure for collecting and disbursing funds, a lack of transparency and accountability, corruption, and cultural and social barriers to giving. The study argues that addressing these challenges requires a technological approach that involves implementing forms for collecting and distributing Zakat and Sadaqah using WordPress core files. The study's key objective is to ensure transparency, accountability and avoid the corrupt practice of multi-collection of Zakat and Sadaqah funds using digital platforms to collect, manage, and distribute zakat, which is very useful because it provides much convenience for its users. Therefore, the study presents a technological (software) solution to some challenges that Zakat and Sadaqah institutions face while collecting and distributing Zakat and Sadaqah using an existing content management system (WordPress) core architecture. In achieving this, we used the Design Thinking method. The design process adopted the Agile software design steps in the implementation of the system. The study resulted to revolutionized management of zakat funds and created a more efficient and accountable ecosystem for the collection and distribution of Zakat in Ibadan. Keywords: Zakat and Sadaqah, Islam, WordPress, Charity, Poverty alleviation
Copyright (c) 2022 Habeebullah Abdulkabeer Akinlabi, Ashrof Akintola Habeebullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Academic Social Network Engagement on University Lecturers’ Research Output and Professional Development
The impact of quality academic publications and training attended on the productivity of an academic member cannot be overemphasized. Its impacts extend beyond just the growth of an academic member, it radiates to increasing University’s ranking among its comity. With the affordances provided by the Internet, academic social network (ASN) emerged as an Internet-based social networking community for academia to seek for research resources and exchange ideas that can assist in developing new knowledge for self-development and community at large. Grounded on the collaborative feature of ASN, researchers’ geographical gap can easily be bridged. Thus, the academia assumes that the research output (RO) and professional development (PD) of an academic member would gain greater quality. Consequent on this assumption, this study examined the impact of ASN engagement on university lecturers’ RO and PD. It employed a quantitative research design of the survey type and sampled 350 academic members across three universities in Nigeria with a multistage sampling technique. A validated researchers-design questionnaire with a reliability value of 0.88 served as the research instrument. Descriptive statistics was explored as analytical tool. The outcome of the study provided insights into the adoption of ASN among academic members, with heavy emphasis on ASN for research purposes only, rather than on RO and PD respectively. This study recommends that there is a need for awareness and motivation towards the use of some ASN. Hopefully, this will further enhance their RO and PD, which will ultimately reflect on the quality of Nigerian graduate. Keywords: Academic Social Network, Engagement, Research Output, Professional Development, Internet
Academic Social Network; Engagement; Research Output; Professional Development; Internet
Copyright (c) 2022 Nafisat A Adedokun-Shittu, M. O. Abanikannda, E. O. Tinuoye , A. H. Ajani, A. I. Abdul Kabir, M. R. Abdulrahman, K. K. Oladosu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Optimization of Adsorption Potentials of Nigerian Kaolinite Mineral Through Acid Activation
The adsorption capacities of Nigerian Kaolinite minerals obtained from Share in Kwara State in raw and acid-activated forms towards some heavy metal ions were evaluated. The clay mineral was purified by sedimentation method and modified with 0.1M nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric, acetic, and oxalic acids. The properties of the raw clay and the effects of acid activation were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET surface area analyses. Adsorption and desorption studies were subsequently carried out to evaluate the efficiencies of clay samples in removing Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Effects of operation parameters viz pH, initial concentration, temperature, and time on the adsorption process were determined on the raw samples, and optimum conditions obtained were utilized for evaluation on the acid-activated samples. The acid modification was found to achieve considerable leaching of exchangeable cations on the clay mineral as confirmed by variations of the d-spacings, lowering of peak intensities and changes in absorption bands of the acid-modified samples (A-K (Acetic acid-Kaolinite), N-K (Nitric acid-Kaolinite), O-K (Oxalic acid-Kaolinite), P-K (Phosphoric acid-Kaolinite) and S-K (Sulphuric acid-Kaolinite). The surface areas increased in S-K, O-K and especially N-K (162.227 m2/g) from 114.9457 m2/g [Raw Kaolinite (R-K)] to) but reduced in A-K 112.865 m2/g and P-K (113.872 m2/g). The activated clay samples were found to adsorb higher amounts of all the heavy metal ions studied than the raw form of the clay. Desorption analysis results revealed that the clay mineral can be regenerated and reused. Compared with other methods, modification with dilute acid provides a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly method of improving the surface characteristics of clay minerals to enhance their adsorption capacities as suitable adsorbents for water remediation purposes. Keywords: Bentonite, Kaolinite, Adsorption, Heavy metals, Desorption
Bentonite, Kaolinite, Adsorption, Heavy metals, Desorption
Copyright (c) 2023 Taofiqat Abu, H. I. Adegoke, E. O. Odebunmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0